Reforming the National Affordable Housing Policy to Enhance Acceptance and Participation by Kenyans

Abstract

Kenya's Affordable Housing Program (AHP) 2022 government flagship program was designed to address national rising shortage of houses via provision of 500,000 affordable units over a four-year period. Despite its ambitious vision, since its launch, the program has been plagued by immense public outcry, primarily attributed to lack of transparency, minimal incorporation of stakeholders, and controversial 1.5% levy on housing. From the perspective of the Stakeholder Theory, this study examines implementation of the policy, arguing that active engagement of all respective stakeholders; namely, persons working in government, persons working in the private sector, and people living on low income, is central to its effectiveness. The study was mixed-methods and included 270 respondents across the three stakeholder constituencies and also conducted analysis of policy documents and public discourse. It found low participation, trust, and perceived affordability, particularly from the target beneficiaries of the program. Only 30% of respondents supported the housing levy while 70% did not trust how money was spent. The stakeholders mentioned lack of communication, perceived exclusion, and cost burden among significant hindrances to participation. The paper finds that stakeholder participation, government openness, and fiscal redesign need to take center stage in policy changes if AHP is to gain legitimacy and momentum. Proposals raised include voluntary contribution schemes, public audits, differential subsidies for housing, and strategic communication campaigns. Comparative observations of cross-country models reiterate the importance of participatory governance and responsive financing systems for the success of affordable housing. Finally, this research calls for a paradigm shift in Kenya's housing policy, away from a top-down national project to a trust-based, participatory national partnership, if it is to be successful in its social mandate and reshape urban living standards.