The Management of Climate Change-Induced Flooding in Ziwa La Ng'ombe Informal Settlement, Mombasa County, Kenya

Abstract

Climate change presents a significant challenge for residents of informal settlements worldwide, exacerbating vulnerabilities and threatening livelihoods. This study investigates the management of climate change-induced flooding in Ziwa la Ng'ombe informal settlement, leading to displacement and property damage during extreme weather events. Despite the growing body of literature on climate change adaptation in informal settlements, there remains a critical gap in understanding how these communities perceive and respond to flood management strategies within the context of rapid urbanization and limited resources. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from 158 household surveys with qualitative insights from key informant interviews. The study found that 78% of the respondents have noticed changes in rainfall patterns, with 59% reporting increased intensity and frequency. Poor drainage systems and inadequate waste management are identified as primary causes of flooding. Residents have undertaken individual measures such as creating small drainage channels and constructing flood barriers. However, institutional efforts appear to be lacking, with 85% of residents unaware of any formal flood management initiatives. Further investigation revealed that local NGO, KECOSCE, has established an early warning system such as SMS messages, radio broadcasts, and community meetings. Additionally, the Department of Housing also plays a vital role in regulating land use and enforcing zoning regulations. The effectiveness of these interventions appears limited, as evidenced by continued flooding and resident dissatisfaction. Based on these findings, the research proposes climate change induced flood management strategies, including upgraded infrastructure to improve drainage and waste management, community empowerment and participatory planning to ensure that flood management strategies are aligned with the needs and priorities of residents, and increased awareness of formal flood management initiatives to bridge the gap between institutional efforts and community awareness in Ziwa la Ng'ombe informal settlement.