The Impact of Urban Transport Policy on Urban Sprawl along Thika Road Corridor Nairobi
Abstract
This study investigates how the urban transport policy contributes to urban sprawl through sprawling residential and commercial developments in previously underdeveloped areas along the Thika Road Corridor in Nairobi. The information sources within the scope of this study include both primary and secondary data, whereby the research applies surveys, Geographic Information System analysis, and historical land use data to evaluate changes in population growth, traffic congestion, and land use patterns over the last decade. Data collection for this research was done by surveying residents' and commuters' opinions regarding the extent of traffic congestion and the adequacy of public transport along the Thika Road Corridor. GIS-based land-use and green space change analysis enabled the tracing of development. Historical data served as a base against which population growth and trends in urban expansion could be compared. The research also involved interviews with key stakeholders such as urban planners and local government to gain insights into the problems and effectiveness of current transport policies.
Key findings revealed a high population increase from 3% in 2010 to 4.5% in 2022, a proportionate rise in urban sprawl, and increased traffic congestion, with peak-hour average travel time doubling from 30 minutes to 60 minutes over the same period. Green spaces have shrunk from 50 sq km in 2010 to 35 sq km in 2022, and on the whole, there is a high degree of environmental degradation. These findings have implications that suggest an urgent call to have integrated urban transport policies for sustainable urban growth. This includes developing a comprehensive public transport system and TOD adoption, enforcing land use regulations in retaining green spaces, and managing urban expansion. By so doing, mobility will be improved, traffic congestion will be reduced, and the environment will be sustained better for healthier livability in Nairobi and cities like it.
